Large dog owners’ nightmare: what causes hip dysplasia and is there a cure?

Dysplasia is most common in large dogs, but can also occur in smaller dogs. What do you need to know about this disease and how can it be detected?

This increasingly common disease has a significant impact on a dog’s quality of life. This is why it is important for owners to recognise the symptoms of dysplasia early. The disease is usually hereditary, but it can develop in susceptible dogs, and can also be caused by inadequate feeding or excessive activity in puppyhood.

What is dysplasia?

Dysplasia is a Greek word meaning abnormal development. As a result of selective breeding it is occurring in an increasing number of purebred dogs. That’s why responsible breeders use genetic testing to filter their animals so that faulty genes are not passed on to the next generation. It can affect the hips, elbows and shoulder joints as well. The bone ends and cartilage of dogs with this condition do not fit together properly, resulting in mobility problems. The dog may be completely asymptomatic, but the problem can also be so severe that atrophy begins in the affected limbs, making movement quite difficult and painful.

What are the typical symptoms?

Symptoms are not always obvious, so if you notice any abnormalities in your pet’s movements, be sure to take them to your vet! There are different degrees of severity, so some dogs may only have a seemingly momentary problem, while others may be unable to walk in severe cases.

• decreasing activity,
• movement that is difficult and painful,
• muscle atrophy, muscle loss,
• strange gait,
• limbs that make a clicking sound when moving,
• weakness of the legs,
• limping, collapse,
• hobbling

What can cause it?

Dysplasia is a hereditary disease, usually showing its first symptoms at 6 months of age. But it is also possible for the animal to be completely asymptomatic. Large dog breeds are more likely to have it than their smaller counterparts. Examples include German Shepherds, Great Danes, Labrador Retrievers or the St. Bernards. For dogs of larger sizes proper feeding is very important in puppyhood. Good quality food prevents rapid growth (which is why, for example, extra calcium should not be given to growing dogs). If the dog grows at a slower pace, its joints have the opportunity to develop properly. Excessive physical activity can also be a problem, so it is important that large animals do not exercise too much or exert themselves to an extreme. Also avoid climbing stairs for a long time.

But too little activity can also cause the problem. Obese dogs are more prone to dysplasia because excess weight puts a heavy load on their limbs.

How can it be treated?

The treatment recommended by your vet depends on the severity of the disease. While some dogs may only need a few lifestyle changes, others may require surgical intervention. For obese pets, the first step is always to help the dog lose weight to minimise stress on the limbs. Pain can be relieved by physiotherapy, and many turn to acupuncture for help. Vitamins that strengthen cartilage and joints, as well as dietary supplements can also improve the condition of the dog, but in more serious cases only surgery can help your pet to recover.