Chihuahua and Russian Toy Terrier: the two tiny dog breeds

Cihuahuas and Russian Toy Terriers are often confused due to their extreme similarity. Here's how you can tell the difference between the them.

You might think that the Chihuahua has no equal, thanks to their unique appearance. But there’s another breed, the Russian Toy Terrier, which looks just like them. Here’s how you can recognise which breed you’re dealing with.

Their origins:

Often referred to as the world’s smallest dog breed, the Chihuahua comes from Mexico. The breed was discovered in the 19th century, in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, this is where these puppies get their name from. Their ancestry is thought to be linked to ancient Central American cultures. The Aztecs, Mayans and Toltecs all kept a small-bodied dog called the techichi. These dogs were larger than modern chihuahuas and probably interbred with European small-bodied dogs imported by the Spanish conquistadors until they reached their present size and appearance.

The Russian toy terrier, or toy terrier for short Russian toy, is a small, elegant breed of dog that originated in Russia. The history of the breed dates back to the 18^th century when they became very popular among the Russian aristocracy English toy terriers. Russian breeders began to breed their own varieties to suit Russian tastes and needs. During the two world wars, the population declined drastically, but in the 20th century, the breed was more popular among the Russian breeders. The breeding programmes of the mid-century brought a resurgence in numbers.

Their appearance

It is no coincidence that to the untrained eye, these two puppies are one and the same. Their appearance is strikingly similar, as they are both of similar size, and there are short and long-haired versions. Only closer inspection reveals subtle differences.

The Chihuahua has a rounder skull, while the Russian Toy Terrier has a narrower and more graceful skull.
The nose of the Chihuahua is shorter and wider, while that of the Russian toys is longer and more delicate.
Body proportions also differ; the Russian Toy terrier has a more graceful and longer neck. Another important difference is that the Russian Toy often has longer ears, reminiscent of the papillon.
There are also differences in colour. While any colour and pattern is allowed for the Chihuahua (except merle), the Russian Toy only has 6 colours accepted as standard.

Their temperament

Both breeds are very affectionate and loyal to their owners, but the Chihuahua can be more assertive and dominant. The Russian Toy Terrier is more shy and friendly in nature.
Chihuahuas also have a tendency to be stubborn, which can be a challenge to train.
The Russian Toy is easier to teach, but with proper socialisation and training, both can become friendly and well-balanced dogs. Both breeds are energetic and playful, but because of their small size, they are also comfortable indoors, where their high energy levels can be easily satisfied.